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Halloween in America - Costumes, Ghosts, and Trick-or-Treat by Life Enrichment Sleuth
Halloween has become the second largest commercial holiday in the United States. Spending for it now reaches around $6.9 billion a year. It's become a holiday celebrated as much by adults as children, with spooky costumes, scary events and ghostly chanting.
However, in early America, Halloween itself was largely disallowed and in many places even forbidden. Maryland was an exception. They not only allowed the tradition, but encouraged it by holding "play parties". There would be merriment with ghost stories, the telling of each other's fortunes, and celebrating with singing and dancing. Children would also scare each other by dressing in costumes.
In their lists of holidays, in late 18th and early 19th centuries' almanacs, there is no mention of Halloween. Though annual autumn festivities were common by mid-19th century, there were still many places where Halloween was not celebrated.
It's the millions of Irish, who in 1846 fled Ireland's potato famine, who helped Halloween to become a national celebration. Irish and English traditions combined, as Americans began donning costumes to go to neighbors and ask for food or money, and could have been what (much later) led to the idea of "trick-or-treating" as we know it today.
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Anoka, Minnesota, in 1921, is credited with having had the first recorded Halloween celebration. Commercial exploitation of the celebration began in the 20th Century, with perhaps the earliest found in Halloween postcards from 1905-1915. Though hundreds of different designs were featured, none depicted children trick-or-treating.
The first Halloween catalog was published in 1909 by the Dennison Manufacturing Company. Halloween decorations, such as die-cut paper items, were pioneered by the Beistle Company. America also imported many Halloween figurines manufactured in Germany between the two world wars. Halloween masking or costuming doesn't appear in general in America before 1900 and they were not mass produced for stores until the 1950's.
During the 1930's to the 1940's, trick-or-treating was viewed almost as a form of extortion. The term doesn't appear in print until the 1930's. It may have been stalled by the sugar rationing that began during World War II in 1942 and lasted until 1947.
To emphasize this feeling, the Madison Square Boys Club, in New York City, carried a banner in a parade in 1948 that read "American Boys Don't Beg". Then in 1950, children were asked to collect money for underprivileged children in a campaign sponsored by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF).
Today, trick-or-treating is looked upon as a normal part of Halloween, and many communities strive to provide safe areas for trick-or-treaters by giving out free sweets at malls, neighborhood parties, zoo walks, museums, etc. Those who don't want to support the beggars can darken their porch lights.
About the Author
Janet Josvai is resident Life Enrichment Sleuth, and spends her time looking for interesting ideas for her website. You can join her FREE blog "Enrich Notes" for her regular posts, or subscribe to her paid monthly newsletter, TheSleuth, for longer articles and additional resources to develop your imagination and curiosity.
Halloween – Die Nacht des Grauens (Uncut German 1978)
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